Gudgeon

Scientific Name: Gobio gobio
Conservation Status: Least Concern (IUCN Red List)

The Gudgeon is a small, bottom-dwelling freshwater fish found in ponds, rivers, and lakes across the UK. Despite its modest size, it plays an essential role in aquatic ecosystems and is a favourite among anglers and wildlife enthusiasts alike.  It is a native alternative to Koi and with their smaller size, easier to care for.

Habitat

Gudgeon thrive in clean, slow-flowing or still waters with sandy or gravelly substrates. They prefer well-oxygenated environments with plenty of underwater plants and hiding spots. While more commonly found in natural waterways, they can also inhabit well-maintained garden ponds, especially those with good water quality and minimal disturbance.

For advice on aquatic plants that support a healthy pond ecosystem, visit Aqua Eden to explore our range of native plant species.

Lifecycle

Gudgeon spawn in late spring to early summer (April-June). Females lay thousands of tiny eggs on submerged surfaces such as rocks, plants, or woody debris. The eggs hatch within a few days, and the larvae quickly begin foraging for microscopic food. Juveniles grow rapidly and reach maturity within two years.

Size and Lifespan

These fish typically grow to 10-15 cm in length, though some individuals may reach up to 20 cm. Gudgeon can live for 3-5 years in the wild, depending on habitat conditions.

Conservation Status

Gudgeon populations remain stable across the UK, but like many freshwater species, they are vulnerable to habitat degradation, pollution, and invasive species. Maintaining clean, well-oxygenated water is essential for their survival.

When to See

Gudgeon are active year-round but are easiest to spot in the warmer months when they feed near the bottom of clear, shallow waters.

How to Identify

These small fish have a streamlined body covered in silver-grey scales with a bluish tint. A distinctive feature is their barbels—short whisker-like structures near the mouth used for detecting food. They have a slightly forked tail and dark speckles along their flanks.

How to Adapt Your Garden Pond

If you’d like to introduce Gudgeon into your pond, consider these factors:

• Ensure clean water quality with good filtration and aeration.
• Provide a varied substrate of sand, gravel, and small rocks for natural foraging behaviour.
• Include plenty of aquatic plants for shelter.
• Avoid overstocking to maintain a balanced ecosystem.
• Keep fish-friendly conditions by minimizing chemical treatments and disturbances.

Visit Aqua Eden for expert guidance and a wide selection of aquatic plants to create a balanced and thriving pond habitat. With the right conditions, Gudgeon can be a delightful addition to your pond, contributing to its natural beauty and ecological health.